• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Submersion device for anchoring mussels for the analysis of marine pollution. The present invention is part of the field of determination of marine pollution through the use of the filtering capacity and natural bioaccumulation possessed by mussels. The invention relates to a submersible device (A) capable of storing mussels for the determination of marine pollution, comprising a frame (1) for supporting mussels (3), and characterized by the fact that said frame (1) It is made of plastic material, and the fact that the device also comprises tubular bandages (2) capable of storing mussels (3) therein movably supported, in parallel and separated from each other, in the frame (1), so that said tubular bandages (2), in use, keep the mussels (3) in their interior disposed substantially aligned. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2700964A2
    申请号:ES201700077
    申请日:2017-02-01
    公开日:2019-02-20
    发明作者:Garcia-Sabell Ricardo Beiras；Linan Leticia Vidal；Bereijo Juan Domingo Bellas；Palmeiro Oscar Nieto
    申请人:Universidade de Vigo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Submersible mussel anchoring device for the analysis of marine pollution
    [0003] The present invention is part of the field of marine pollution control through the use of mussels.
    [0004]
    [0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0006]
    [0007] Most metals and persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organotin compounds or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tend to be distributed in higher and stable concentrations in the particulate phase of marine sediments. Therefore, the determination of contamination involves sampling said sediments for analysis.
    [0008]
    [0009] On the other hand, it is known that mussels are benthic organisms of hard substrate, which live attached to the natural substrate by the byssus fibers, located in the anterior part of the animal, and feed continuously by pumping water through the inhaling siphon, located in the back-dorsal. The opening of the valves is a passive mechanism based on the elasticity of the hinge that holds them together, while the closure is due to the action of the adductor muscles. In the natural environment, the individuals are arranged in pineapples with the aforementioned orientation, which facilitates the opening of the leaflets and the pumping of the water that transports the food particles. Thus, mussels can accumulate contaminants both directly from the dissolved phase, as a result of the distribution equilibrium process, and also from the ingested food particles, as a result of digestion and assimilation. These characteristics of the mussel make it especially useful as a sentinel organism.
    [0010]
    [0011] For the determination of certain trace metals, organostannic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been used both in dredging operations and in areas where wild mussels are not available, mussels caged in metal cages of the Mytilus genus, for example, as reported by Heinke Helmholz et al. in "Seasonal and annual variations in physiological and biochemical responses from transplanted marine bioindicator species Mytitlus spp. duríng a long term field exposure experience " in Science of the Total Environment 565 (2016) 626-636; or in W00210710 where it discloses an apparatus that uses bivalve molluscs as detectors of toxic substances, whose apparatus detects the movements of the shell with a high degree of precision that allows the use of molluscs of different sizes.
    [0012]
    [0013] Therefore, for the use of the filtering capacities of the mussels, they must be transplanted from the natural environment to the metal cage. However, when the mussels are removed from the natural environment for transplantation to the cages, they tend to stick to each other in a disordered manner by the byssus fibers, forming pineapples in which the described orientation is not preserved, which can interfere in the passive opening of the leaflets and, consequently, the accumulation of contaminants and the result of the analysis. In addition, the mussels inside and outside the pineapple are exposed to different conditions, which does not allow homogeneous results of the sample and, therefore, the concentrations of contaminants determined in analyzes are not entirely reliable.
    [0014]
    [0015] On the other hand, in the metal cages used for mussel transplantation, the desorption of the metal from the cage takes place when it is submerged and is in contact with the seawater, the metal being desorbed filtered by the mussel by proximity and, consequently, the subsequent analysis of the caged mussels can give erroneous metal concentrations or that deviate from reality.
    [0016] Finally, the metal cages are artifacts of great weight, which forces to use machinery for their anchoring and collection, and makes these operations more difficult and expensive.
    [0017]
    [0018] Therefore, there is still a need to provide a lightweight and easy to handle device that is capable of employing the filtering capabilities of mussels in a simple, efficient manner and that provides results of contamination of certain trace metals, organotin compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are filtered by the mussels in a reliable way.
    [0019]
    [0020] Description of the invention
    [0021]
    [0022] With the submersible device of the invention, the aforementioned drawbacks can be solved, presenting other advantages that will be described.
    [0023]
    [0024] To overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, linked to the use of heavy metal cages and linked to the variation of conditions between the interior and exterior of the mussel pineapple, the present invention proposes a submersible mussel anchoring device for the analysis of marine pollution, which includes:
    [0025]
    [0026] - a frame to support mussels,
    [0027]
    [0028] characterized by the fact that said frame is made of plastic material, and by the fact that the device further comprises:
    [0029]
    [0030] - tubular bandages capable of storing mussels inside it movably supported, in parallel and separated from each other, in the frame, so that said tubular bandages (2), in use, keep the mussels (3) inside them arranged substantially aligned.
    [0031]
    [0032] According to various optional features of the invention, combinable with each other whenever technically possible:
    [0033]
    [0034] - the frame is removable.
    [0035]
    [0036] - the frame is made of tubular plastic material.
    [0037]
    [0038] - the frame is a frame comprising four sides joined together by removable joining means. In one embodiment, the side measures about 1 meter.
    [0039]
    [0040] - the frame, at least in part, is hollow section and capable of storing sand or similar inside it in the amount necessary to alter the buoyancy according to demand. The device is submerged between 2 and 3 meters in the study areas so that when the section of the frame is hollow, it can be filled with sand to increase the weight and make it easier to submerge the device. In one embodiment, the device is secured to a dead man by the lower end of the frame and to a buoy by the upper end of the frame. In another embodiment, the device is attached to a trouser.
    [0041] - the frame comprises PVC or other plastic material.
    [0042]
    [0043] - the frame is aged in seawater before being used for data collection with the aim of ensuring that there is no desorption of chemical compounds from PVC or other plastic material in contact with seawater when using the device in the study areas and the analysis of pollutants is carried out below.
    [0044] - the tubular bandages are elastic. In one embodiment, the tubular bandages are elastic cotton meshes.
    [0045]
    [0046] - the frame supports at least four tubular bandages fixed at both ends on confronting sides of the frame, that is, one end of the tubular bandage is fixed to one side of the frame, and the other end is fixed on the opposite side leaving the tubular bandage substantially stressed containing the mussels inside.
    [0047]
    [0048] - the tubular bandages have dimensions such that their length allows the ends of the bandages to be fixed on two opposite sides of the frame and their width allows keeping the mussels in a stable position in the interior of the tubular bandage. In one embodiment, the tubular bandages have dimensions such that they can store, in their interior, at least 25 mussels arranged substantially aligned.
    [0049]
    [0050] - the frame additionally comprises an electronic device such as a thermistor for the continuous data collection of, for example, the temperature, salinity and / or pressure of seawater.
    [0051]
    [0052] Brief description of the figures
    [0053]
    [0054] For a better understanding of what has been described, some drawings are attached in which, schematically and only by way of non-limiting example, a practical case of embodiment is represented.
    [0055]
    [0056] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of the invention.
    [0057]
    [0058] Description of a preferred embodiment
    [0059]
    [0060] As can be seen in Figure 1, the invention relates to a submersible device A comprising:
    [0061]
    [0062] - a frame 1 for supporting mussels 3, where according to the present invention, the frame 1 is made of plastic material, preferably PVC, still more preferably a frame aged in sea water.
    [0063]
    [0064] From Figure 1, it can be seen that the frame 1 is a frame comprising four sides joined together by removable joining means 11.
    [0065]
    [0066] The device also comprises:
    [0067]
    [0068] - tubular elastic bandages 2 capable of storing mussels 3 inside, where according to the present invention, the ends of the tubular bandages are supported or fixed by a removable connection to two opposite laterals of the frame 1, the tubular bandages 2 being substantially stressed, and where said tubular bandages 2 have dimensions such that, in use, they allow keeping the mussels 3 arranged substantially aligned.
    [0069]
    [0070] Figure 1 shows schematically 4 tubular bands 2 each loaded with 25 mussels 3, so that each device stores 100 mussels, where the mussels are arranged inside the bandage in a substantially aligned manner for the biological intake of trace metal contamination samples, organotin compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or any other another bioaccumulative contaminant, such as microbiological non-chemical contaminants.
    [0071]
    [0072] As an example, a Table 1 is included in which the results obtained from mussels arranged in certain study areas over a period of 4 weeks are collected and then extracted and subjected to a chemical analysis to determine the concentration of heavy metals and organic compounds and subjected to a biochemical analysis for the determination of certain molecular biomarkers.
    [0073]
    [0074]
    [0075]
    [0076] Sites Cu Zn Pb Phe Ant Fla Pyr Vi0 16.02 1843.86 8.81 46.8 9.1 45.5 37.9 Vil 127.95 1183.92 10.72 60.2 8.3 57.6 67 , 3 Vi2 100.56 1028.48 13.08 92.7 11.3 101.8 78.4 Vi3 176.86 1324.98 15.98 42.6 8.3 15.3 29.6 Vi4 35.35 1131.66 12.33 79.2 9.4 71.3 57.2 Vi5 31.39 1057.67 14.35 79.9 11.6 60.5 32.9 Pa0 34.79 839.77 16.45 47.3 9.2 11.2 18.5 Pal 34.84 732.34 21.98 74.9 8.9 53.5 57.6 Pa2 40.35 972.60 22.79 95.3 9.7 103.7 132.3 Pa3 48.23 1050.64 17.40 74.1 11.5 115.4 88.9 Pa4 33.86 762.50 28.10 59.2 9.6 140.5 108.1 Pa5 28.76 657.70 25.25 59.4 9.8 90.0 69.3
    [0077] TABLE 1 (continued)
    [0078]
    [0079] Sites B [a] A Cry B [a] PB [ghi] P GST GPx AChE Vi0 14.9 15.5 9.6 14.0 59.3 5.3 12.9 Vi1 54.8 69.6 9, 4 15.0 79.8 6.2 7.1 Vi2 61.3 80.5 20.7 36.6 94.0 7.3 5.9 Vi3 38.0 21.7 8.3 14.2 75, 5 7.8 11.4 Vi4 21.6 19.5 11.8 15.6 56.2 3.1 5.2 Vi5 17.9 18.5 8.2 15.0 79.6 4.5 9, 8 Pa0 17.0 11.5 8.5 11.8 35.6 3.6 13.1 Pa1 214.4 32.5 12.7 16.8 54.2 3.3 14.9 Pa2 194.8 59 , 2 18.0 19.2 54.3 2.9 8.7 Pa3 424.3 53.0 20.8 19.9 54.1 6.2 13.5 Pa4 479.4 55.1 18.7 19 , 9 61.6 7.2 11.8 Pa5 735.9 44.0 18.6 18.2 47.6 5.1 13.1
    [0080] In the first column the sampling points are represented, 5 points in the Port of Vigo (Vi0, Vi, Vi2, Vi3, Vi4 and Vi5) and 5 points in the Port of Pasaia (PaO, Pal, Pa2, Pa3, Pa4 and Pa5)
    [0081] The concentrations of the metals Cu, Zn and Pb are expressed in pg.g-1 dry weight.
    [0082]
    [0083] The concentrations of the organic compounds Phenanthrene (Phe), Anthracene (Ant), Fluoranthene (Fia), Pyrene (Pyr), Benzo [a] anthracene (B [a] A), Chrysene (Cry), Benzo [a] pyrene ( B [a] P), Benzo [g, h, i] perylene (B [ghi] P) are expressed in ng.g-1 dry weight. The analyzes were performed in duplicate.
    [0084] The last three columns of the Table show the measurements of the following enzymatic biomarkers in mussel gills (Glutathione S-Transferase), GPx (Glutathione peroxidase) and AChE (Acetylcholinesterase) and are expressed in nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein.
    [0085] Although reference has been made to a specific embodiment of the invention, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the described submersible device is susceptible to numerous variations and modifications, and that all the mentioned details can be replaced by other technically equivalent ones. as among others, for example, the size or shape of the frame, without departing from the scope of protection defined by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Submersible mooring device (A) for mussels for the analysis of marine pollution, comprising:
    - a frame (1) to support mussels (3),
    characterized in that said frame (1) is made of plastic material and by the fact that it also comprises: tubular bandages (2) capable of storing mussels (3) therein movably supported, in parallel and separated between yes, in the frame (1), so that said tubular bandages (2), in use, keep the mussels (3) in their interior arranged substantially aligned.
    [2]
    2. Submersible device (A) according to claim 1, characterized in that said frame (1) is removable.
    [3]
    3. Submersible device (A) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said frame (1) is a frame comprising four sides joined together by removable joining means (11).
    [4]
    4. Submersible device (A) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said frame (1), at least in part, is hollow section and capable of storing sand or similar inside it for the purpose of regulate your buoyancy.
    [5]
    5. Submersible device (A) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said plastic material comprises PVC.
    [6]
    6. Submersible device (A) according to claim 1, characterized in that said tubular bandages (2) are elastic meshes.
    [7]
    Submersible device (A) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said frame (1) supports at least four tubular bands (2) fixed at their ends on two opposite sides of the frame (1).
    [8]
    Submersible device (A) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said tubular bandages (2) have suitable dimensions for storing mussels disposed therein substantially aligned and to be fixed in the frame (1) ) in a substantially stressed manner.
    [9]
    9. Use of the submersible device (A) according to any of claims 1 to 8 for biological sampling of trace metal contamination samples, organotin compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or any other bioaccumulative contaminant in mussels such as contaminants non-chemical microbiological
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2700964B1|2020-04-06|
    ES2700964R1|2019-04-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6520116B1|1999-10-01|2003-02-18|Penn Cove Shellfish, Llc|Method and apparatus for supporting aquacultured mussels|
    US20040049353A1|2001-07-30|2004-03-11|Jason Ezratty|System and method for monitoring water using bivalve mollusks|
    ES2296497B1|2006-01-16|2009-01-01|Tecniriamar Sl|METHOD OF CULTURE OF THE MUSSEL AND INSTALLATION FOR THE COMMISSIONING OF THE SAME.|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201700077A|ES2700964B1|2017-02-01|2017-02-01|Submersible mussel anchoring device for marine pollution analysis|ES201700077A| ES2700964B1|2017-02-01|2017-02-01|Submersible mussel anchoring device for marine pollution analysis|
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